Patient Modesty: Volume 71

I would like to start out this Volume 71 with a basic question to help define what is understood as physical modesty and how it applies to this issue as experienced by patients within the medical system. Is modesty of an individual only related to how the individual feels about their own personal exposure to others or does it also includes how the individual reacts to the exposure or "immodesty" of others? For example, is a patient expressing modesty when they see and react to a woman breast feeding her baby in public? or finding someone on the beach with a "bikini"?  Does every patient who finds challenges to their modesty within their experience with doctors and nurses also are emotionally upset upon viewing, experiencing what is felt to be immodest behavior by others?  In other words, does patient physical modesty concerns actually  involve an individual's general philosophy regarding attention to modesty of self but, in addition, also of others?  This distinction, I think, is important.  ..Maurice.

Graphic: "Bathing Suits" from Google Images

NOTICE: AS OF TODAY  FEBRUARY 25, 2015 "PATIENT MODESTY: VOLUME 71 WILL BE CLOSED FOR FURTHER COMMENTS. YOU CAN CONTINUE POSTING COMMENTS ON VOLUME 72.

WOMAN'S BREAST MILK: SHOULD IT BE UP FOR SALE?

In case you didn't know, a woman's breast milk is a commercially but also a nutritionally valuable commodity at least as an example supported by Medolac Labs and Mother's Milk Cooperative.  This milk is said to be needed by hospitalized pre-term infants whose mothers are not yet lactating.  I read about it in an article in the  Michigan State University Bioethics website  on lactation and  the laws and actions which have been taken including commodification of the woman's milk.

A scholarly article on the subject of the sale of mother's milk was written in the Winter 2009 issue of the Nevada Law Journal 

The sale of organs for transplant is not approved in the United States, only donation.  The question arises as to whether it is ethical to have lactating women provide their breast milk for sale. Is breast milk analogous to a solid organ?

Can or should the same arguments regarding the value, availability and ethics of "selling" apply to both breast milk and kidney?   (You can read more on the issue of the selling of solid organs for transplant in my blog thread "Organ Donation: Who, How, Why and also What are the Ethics (5))"

How about comparing selling the mother's milk to the legal commodification of eggs and sperm or blood elements?

A physician ethicist has reassured me on this topic:

"Maurice, ...

There are American markets for buying and selling human body parts, including blood, plasma, platelets, breast milk, hair, sperm, and unfertilized eggs. The National Organ Transplant Act bans compensation for organs, including livers, kidneys, and bone marrow. Flynn v. Holder adds the acquisition of hematopoietic stem cells from circulating blood to the list of acceptable activities.

An ethical analysis suggests that the key characteristics of these acceptable market-based donations of human body products are:

– The donated stuff can with time be regenerated.

– The injury to the donor is minimal and commensurate with the sale price.

– The risks to the donor of more serious morbidity and mortality are minimal."

And then, of course, there is the long history of "wet nursing" when other women took on the task of nursing a child if the mother was unable to do so.

To my visitors: Do you find any arguments against the selling of the milk obtained from a  lactating mother and, if you do, what are they?  ..Maurice.

Graphic: Migrant Mother, Dorothea Lange, Library of Congress / Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons